The American Civil War Era, spanning from 1861 to 1865, was a pivotal period in United States history marked by conflict between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy). The war primarily centered around issues such as slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. Key events included the Battle of Gettysburg, the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln, and the eventual surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. The war resulted in significant loss of life and ultimately led to the abolition of slavery, reshaping the nation’s social and political landscape.