Alternative splicing is a biological process that allows a single gene to produce multiple proteins. During the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA), different segments called exons can be combined in various ways, while introns are removed. This flexibility enables cells to generate diverse protein variants from the same genetic material, enhancing the complexity of protein functions. This mechanism is crucial for many biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and response to environmental changes. By regulating which exons are included in the final mRNA, cells can adapt their protein production to meet specific needs, contributing to the overall functionality of an organism.