Allergy and Immunology is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating allergies, asthma, and immune system disorders. Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to substances like pollen, dust, or certain foods, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, or difficulty breathing. Immunologists study the immune system's functions and dysfunctions, including autoimmune diseases, where the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues. They also work on developing treatments like immunotherapy to help patients manage their conditions and improve their quality of life.