Alkalinity refers to the capacity of water to neutralize acids, which is important for maintaining a stable pH level. It is primarily influenced by the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide ions. High alkalinity helps protect aquatic life by buffering against sudden changes in acidity. In natural waters, such as rivers and lakes, alkalinity plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystems. It affects the solubility of nutrients and metals, influencing the health of organisms like fish and plants. Monitoring alkalinity is essential for water quality management and environmental conservation efforts.