Algerian history is marked by its rich cultural heritage and diverse influences. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times and has seen various civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Romans, and Byzantines. In the 7th century, Arab expansion introduced Islam, which significantly shaped the country's culture and identity. In the 19th century, Algeria became a French colony, leading to a long struggle for independence. The Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962) was a brutal conflict that ultimately resulted in Algeria gaining sovereignty in 1962. Since then, Algeria has navigated various political and economic challenges while striving to build a unified national identity.