Alfonso X, also known as Alfonso the Wise, was a king of Castile and Leon who reigned from 1252 to 1284. He was born in 1221 and is remembered for his contributions to culture, law, and science. Alfonso promoted the translation of important texts from Arabic and Hebrew into Latin and Castilian, which helped preserve knowledge from the Islamic Golden Age. In addition to his cultural achievements, Alfonso X was a skilled politician and military leader. He sought to expand his kingdom and strengthen its influence in Iberia. His reign marked a significant period in the development of the Spanish language and literature, laying the groundwork for future generations.