Alexander II of Russia was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He is best known for his significant reforms, particularly the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, which aimed to modernize the Russian economy and society. This reform allowed millions of serfs to gain their freedom and own land, marking a pivotal change in Russian history. In addition to the emancipation, Alexander II implemented various military, judicial, and educational reforms. He sought to reduce the power of the nobility and promote a more centralized government. Despite his efforts, many of his reforms faced resistance, and his reign ended tragically when he was killed by a terrorist group.