Al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist organization founded in the late 1980s by Osama bin Laden and others. Its leadership has evolved over the years, with bin Laden serving as the most prominent figure until his death in 2011. Following his death, Ayman al-Zawahiri took over as the leader, continuing the group's focus on global jihad and anti-Western activities. The leadership structure of Al-Qaeda includes a council of senior members who provide strategic direction and support for various regional affiliates. These affiliates operate semi-independently but remain loyal to the central leadership, allowing Al-Qaeda to maintain influence across different regions while adapting to local contexts.