Al-Battani was a prominent Arab astronomer and mathematician who lived during the 9th and 10th centuries. He is best known for his work in trigonometry and for improving the accuracy of astronomical measurements. His most famous work, the Zij al-Sabi, provided detailed tables of the positions of celestial bodies and was influential in both the Islamic world and later in Europe. Al-Battani's contributions to science included the introduction of the use of the sine function in trigonometry, which laid the groundwork for future developments in mathematics. His observations of the equinoxes and the length of the solar year were remarkably precise for his time, showcasing his significant role in the advancement of astronomy.