Agricultural history traces the development of farming practices from ancient times to the present. Early humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to cultivating crops and domesticating animals, leading to the establishment of permanent settlements. This shift allowed for population growth and the rise of civilizations, as seen in regions like the Fertile Crescent and Mesoamerica. Over centuries, agricultural techniques evolved with innovations such as the plow, crop rotation, and irrigation systems. The Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century introduced mechanization, significantly increasing productivity. Today, modern agriculture incorporates technology and biotechnology, addressing challenges like food security and environmental sustainability.