Aerospace history encompasses the development of flight and space exploration, beginning with early human attempts to fly, such as Leonardo da Vinci's designs for flying machines. The invention of the hot air balloon in the 18th century marked a significant milestone, leading to the first powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. The 20th century saw rapid advancements, including the advent of jet engines and space travel. Notable events include the launch of Sputnik in 1957, which initiated the space race, and the Apollo 11 mission in 1969, where humans first set foot on the moon, showcasing humanity's quest for exploration beyond Earth.