The Aegean civilizations refer to the ancient cultures that developed in the Aegean Sea region, primarily during the Bronze Age. This includes the Minoans on the island of Crete and the Mycenaeans on the Greek mainland. These societies are known for their advanced architecture, trade networks, and artistic achievements, including pottery and frescoes. The Minoans, flourishing around 2000-1450 BCE, are famous for their palatial complexes, such as Knossos, while the Mycenaeans, active from about 1600-1100 BCE, are recognized for their fortified cities and the epic tales of Homer. Both civilizations significantly influenced later Greek culture and history.