Adverse effects refer to unintended and harmful outcomes that can occur as a result of medical treatments, medications, or other interventions. These effects can range from mild reactions, such as nausea or headaches, to severe complications that may require medical attention. Understanding these effects is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to make informed decisions about treatment options. In the context of pharmaceuticals, adverse effects are often documented during clinical trials and included in product labeling. Monitoring and reporting these effects help ensure patient safety and improve the overall effectiveness of medications. Awareness of potential adverse effects allows individuals to recognize and address any issues that may arise during treatment.