Adsorption phenomena refer to the process where molecules from a gas or liquid adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid. This occurs due to various forces, such as van der Waals forces or chemical bonding, which attract the adsorbate (the substance being adsorbed) to the adsorbent (the surface). Adsorption is crucial in many applications, including catalysis, water purification, and gas storage. There are two main types of adsorption: physisorption, which involves weak physical interactions, and chemisorption, which involves stronger chemical bonds. The efficiency of adsorption can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the adsorbent material. Understanding these phenomena is essential for optimizing processes in fields like environmental science and material engineering.