Acid-base titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a titrant, which is a solution of known concentration, to a sample solution until the reaction reaches its endpoint. The endpoint is often indicated by a color change, thanks to an indicator that signals when the acid and base have completely reacted. During the titration process, the volume of titrant used is measured, allowing for the calculation of the unknown concentration using the formula: C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 . Here, C represents concentration and V represents volume. This method is widely used in chemistry for various applications, including pharmaceuticals and food industry testing.