Abelard was a medieval French philosopher and theologian, born in 1079. He is best known for his work in scholasticism, a method of critical thought that dominated medieval universities. His most famous work, Sic et Non, presented conflicting opinions from church fathers, encouraging debate and analysis. Abelard was also known for his romantic relationship with Heloise, a brilliant scholar. Their love story became legendary, marked by passion and tragedy. Despite personal challenges, Abelard's contributions to philosophy and theology significantly influenced later thinkers and the development of Western thought.