Abdul Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 685 to 705 CE. He is known for consolidating the Umayyad dynasty's power and implementing significant administrative reforms. His reign marked the establishment of Arabic as the official language of the empire, which helped unify the diverse regions under Umayyad control. He also oversaw the construction of important architectural projects, including the famous Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Abdul Malik's policies strengthened the central government and improved tax collection, contributing to the economic stability of the Umayyad Caliphate during his rule.