The Abbasid Caliph was a leader of the Islamic empire that emerged after the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE. The Abbasids established their capital in Baghdad, which became a center of culture, science, and trade. This period is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, marked by significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. The Abbasid Caliphate was characterized by a more inclusive approach to governance, allowing for greater participation from diverse ethnic and religious groups within the empire. The caliphs were seen as both political and spiritual leaders, guiding the Muslim community while promoting the arts and scholarship, which flourished under their rule.