The AKS primality test is an algorithm used to determine whether a given number is prime. Developed in 2002 by Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena, it is notable for being the first primality test that is both polynomial-time and deterministic. This means it can efficiently confirm the primality of a number without relying on randomization. Unlike other tests, the AKS test does not require any special properties of the number being tested, making it applicable to all integers. It operates based on properties of polynomials and modular arithmetic, providing a reliable method for verifying prime numbers in a systematic way.