A2/AD stands for "Anti-Access/Area Denial." It refers to military strategies and capabilities designed to prevent an adversary from entering a specific area or accessing certain resources. This can involve a combination of advanced technologies, such as missiles, radar systems, and cyber warfare, aimed at deterring or complicating enemy operations. Countries like China and Russia have developed A2/AD systems to protect their territorial interests and project power. These systems can create a challenging environment for opposing forces, making it difficult for them to operate effectively within the contested area, thereby influencing regional security dynamics.