The 9th Dynasty is a historical period in ancient Egypt that is part of the First Intermediate Period, which lasted from around 2160 to 2055 BCE. This dynasty is known for its political fragmentation and the decline of centralized power, as various local rulers, or nomarchs, gained influence. The capital during this time was likely located in Herakleopolis, where the dynasty's rulers established their authority. The rulers of the 9th Dynasty are less documented compared to those of earlier dynasties, but they are believed to have engaged in conflicts with rival dynasties, particularly the 11th Dynasty. This period saw a mix of cultural developments and challenges, as the economy and society adapted to the changing political landscape of ancient Egypt.