The "95개 조항" refers to a list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, which criticized the practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences. These statements were intended to spark debate and reform within the church, highlighting issues of faith and morality. The document is considered a pivotal moment in the Protestant Reformation, leading to significant changes in Christianity. It emphasized the importance of scripture and faith over church traditions, ultimately resulting in the establishment of various Protestant denominations and a shift in religious authority.