The 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791. It prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment aims to ensure fair treatment in the legal system and protect individuals from inhumane treatment. The 8th Amendment has been the basis for many important Supreme Court cases that address issues like the death penalty and prison conditions. It reflects the principle that punishment should be proportional to the crime and that individuals should not face inhumane treatment while incarcerated.