8-bit microcomputers are early personal computers that use an 8-bit microprocessor, which means they can process 8 bits of data at a time. These computers were popular in the late 1970s and 1980s, providing a foundation for home computing. They typically featured simple graphics and sound capabilities, making them suitable for basic tasks like word processing and gaming. Examples of 8-bit microcomputers include the Apple II, Commodore 64, and Zilog Z80 based systems. These machines often used cassette tapes or floppy disks for storage and had limited memory compared to modern computers. Despite their simplicity, they played a crucial role in the development of personal computing.