The 59th United States Congress convened from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1907. It consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives, with the Republican Party holding a majority in both chambers. This Congress was notable for addressing issues such as tariff reform and railroad regulation. During this session, significant legislation included the Hepburn Act, which strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad rates. The Congress also dealt with matters related to foreign policy and the growing influence of the United States on the global stage, reflecting the nation's expanding role in international affairs.