The term "45nm" refers to a semiconductor manufacturing process that produces transistors with a gate length of 45 nanometers. This technology is significant in the production of integrated circuits, allowing for smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient electronic devices. It represents a key milestone in the miniaturization of components, enabling advancements in various applications, including computers and smartphones. In the context of Moore's Law, which predicts the doubling of transistor density approximately every two years, the 45nm process was a crucial step in achieving higher performance and lower power consumption. This technology paved the way for subsequent advancements, leading to even smaller process nodes like 32nm and 22nm.