The 37th Congress of the United States convened from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1863, during a critical period in American history marked by the Civil War. It was composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, with significant debates over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and the war effort. During this Congress, key legislation was passed, including the Homestead Act and the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, which aimed to promote westward expansion and education. The 37th Congress played a vital role in shaping the nation’s policies during a time of division and conflict.