Around 3000 до н.э., significant developments occurred in human civilization, particularly in the regions of Mesopotamia and Egypt. This period marks the rise of early urban societies, characterized by the establishment of cities, writing systems, and complex social structures. The invention of cuneiform writing in Mesopotamia and the use of hieroglyphs in Egypt were pivotal in recording information and facilitating trade. Agriculture also advanced during this time, leading to increased food production and population growth. The domestication of animals and the cultivation of crops like wheat and barley supported the development of civilizations. These changes laid the foundation for future advancements in technology, governance, and culture.