The 21st century began on January 1, 2001, and is characterized by rapid technological advancements and globalization. Innovations in information technology, such as the rise of the internet and smartphones, have transformed communication and access to information. This era has also seen significant developments in artificial intelligence and biotechnology. Socially and politically, the 21st century has been marked by challenges such as climate change, economic inequality, and global health issues, highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Movements for social justice and environmental sustainability have gained momentum, reflecting a growing awareness of interconnected global issues.