The years 2008-2009 were marked by a significant global financial crisis, often referred to as the Great Recession. This crisis began in the United States due to the collapse of the housing market and the failure of major financial institutions, leading to widespread economic downturns and high unemployment rates. Governments around the world responded with various stimulus measures to stabilize their economies. In the U.S., the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act was enacted in 2008, allowing the government to purchase troubled assets. The crisis had lasting effects on global markets and prompted discussions about financial regulation and economic reform.