The 19th century was a vibrant period for literature, marked by the rise of the novel as a popular form of storytelling. Notable 19th century novelists like Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and Leo Tolstoy explored themes of social change, morality, and human experience. Their works often reflected the complexities of life during a time of rapid industrialization and shifting societal norms. These authors employed rich character development and intricate plots to engage readers. The novel became a means to critique society and explore personal relationships, making it a significant cultural force. The legacy of 19th century novelists continues to influence literature today.