The 19th century was a vibrant period for classical music, marked by the rise of notable composers such as Frédéric Chopin, Johannes Brahms, and Richard Wagner. This era saw the transition from the Classical to the Romantic style, emphasizing emotional expression and individualism. Composers began to explore new forms and structures, often drawing inspiration from literature, nature, and national identity. During this time, the piano became a central instrument, with composers like Chopin creating intricate works that showcased its capabilities. Additionally, the symphonic poem emerged, exemplified by Liszt, allowing composers to convey stories and themes through orchestral music. The 19th century laid the groundwork for modern classical music.