In 1979, significant global events shaped the political landscape. The Iranian Revolution led to the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy, resulting in the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini. This revolution had lasting effects on Iran and its relations with the West. In the United States, the Three Mile Island accident occurred, marking a major nuclear incident that raised concerns about nuclear safety. Additionally, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan began in December, escalating tensions during the Cold War and leading to a prolonged conflict that would impact international relations for years to come.