In 1963, significant events shaped global history. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States gained momentum, with leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. advocating for racial equality. The year also saw the tragic assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, which shocked the nation and the world. Internationally, the Cold War continued to influence politics, with tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union remaining high. The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in August, marking a step towards reducing nuclear weapons testing. Overall, 1963 was a pivotal year marked by social change and political upheaval.