The 1956 Melbourne Olympics were the first Olympic Games held in the Southern Hemisphere, taking place from November 22 to December 8. A total of 72 nations participated, showcasing 3,300 athletes competing in 16 sports. The event was notable for its diverse range of sports and the introduction of new events, including the modern pentathlon. The Games were marked by political tensions, particularly the Suez Crisis, which led to the withdrawal of several countries, including Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon. Despite these challenges, the Olympics were a success, with Australia winning the most medals, totaling 87, including 13 golds.