The period from 1945 to 1975 was marked by significant global changes following World War II. The war ended in 1945, leading to the establishment of the United Nations to promote peace and cooperation among nations. The Cold War began, creating tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, which influenced international relations and conflicts around the world. During this time, many countries experienced decolonization, gaining independence from European powers. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States sought to end racial segregation and discrimination. Additionally, the Vietnam War escalated, reflecting the broader struggle between communism and democracy, impacting both American society and foreign policy.