In 1844, significant literary works emerged that reflected the social and political climate of the time. One notable publication was Charles Dickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit," which critiqued social issues in Victorian England. This novel showcased Dickens's characteristic humor and keen observations of human nature. Another important work from this year was Friedrich Nietzsche's "The Birth of Tragedy," which explored the relationship between art and life, emphasizing the importance of Greek tragedy. This philosophical text laid the groundwork for Nietzsche's later ideas and influenced various literary movements, including existentialism and modernism.