The 1755 Lisbon earthquake struck on November 1, 1755, with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 to 9.0. It devastated the city of Lisbon, Portugal, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The earthquake was followed by a series of tsunamis and fires, which further contributed to the devastation. The disaster killed tens of thousands of people and left many more homeless. It had a profound impact on European thought, influencing discussions on natural disasters, philosophy, and religion. The event prompted changes in building codes and emergency response strategies in the years that followed.