In 164 AD, the Roman Empire was experiencing a period of relative stability known as the Pax Romana. This era was marked by peace and prosperity, allowing trade and culture to flourish across the empire. The emperor at this time was Marcus Aurelius, who is often remembered for his philosophical writings and leadership during challenging times. During this year, the Roman Empire faced challenges, including the Parthian War, which involved conflicts with the Parthian Empire in the east. Additionally, the empire was dealing with the early stages of the Antonine Plague, a devastating epidemic that would impact the population and economy in the years to come.