The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 are all positive integers. They are part of the set of natural numbers and can be used in various mathematical operations. Each number has its own unique properties; for example, 1 is the multiplicative identity, while 2 is the smallest and only even prime number. These numbers can also represent factors of 12. The factors of a number are integers that can be multiplied together to produce that number. In this case, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 are all factors of 12, showcasing their importance in basic arithmetic and number theory.