"추축국" refers to the Axis Powers, a coalition of countries that opposed the Allies during World War II. The main members included 독일 (Germany), 이탈리아 (Italy), and 일본 (Japan). They formed this alliance to expand their territories and influence, leading to significant military conflicts across Europe, Asia, and the Pacific. The Axis Powers were characterized by their authoritarian regimes and militaristic ambitions. Their aggressive actions, such as the invasion of 폴란드 (Poland) by Germany in 1939, triggered the start of World War II. The coalition ultimately faced defeat in 1945, leading to significant geopolitical changes worldwide.