"초자아" (superego) is a concept in psychology introduced by Sigmund Freud. It represents the part of the personality that acts as a moral compass, guiding individuals to adhere to societal norms and values. The superego develops during childhood as a result of internalizing parental and cultural expectations. The superego consists of two main components: the conscience, which punishes the individual with feelings of guilt for wrongdoing, and the ideal self, which rewards with feelings of pride for following moral standards. Together, these elements help shape behavior and decision-making in accordance with ethical principles.