"천황제" (Chōwa) refers to the imperial system of Japan, where the emperor is considered the ceremonial head of state. This system has deep historical roots, dating back over a thousand years, and is characterized by the emperor's symbolic role rather than political power. The current emperor, 나루히토 (Naruhito), ascended the throne in 2019, continuing the traditions of the 일본 제국 (Japanese Empire). The emperor's duties include performing various rituals and ceremonies, both religious and state-related. While the 일본 헌법 (Japanese Constitution) defines the emperor as "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people," the role is largely non-political, with real governance resting in the hands of elected officials.