중화민국, commonly known as Taiwan, is an island located in East Asia. It has a population of approximately 23 million people and its capital city is Taipei. The official language is Mandarin Chinese, and the currency used is the New Taiwan Dollar. Established in 1912, 중화민국 was originally the government of all of China. After the Chinese Civil War, the government retreated to Taiwan in 1949. Today, it operates as a separate political entity with its own democratic government, economy, and social systems, although its political status remains a subject of international debate.