The 우파니샤드 are ancient Indian texts that form the philosophical basis of 힌두교. They explore profound concepts such as the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate purpose of life. Composed in Sanskrit, these texts are part of the larger 베다 literature and are considered some of the earliest writings on spirituality and metaphysics. These texts emphasize the idea of 브라만, the ultimate reality, and 아트만, the individual soul. Through dialogues and teachings, the 우파니샤드 encourage self-inquiry and meditation, guiding individuals toward enlightenment and understanding of their true nature.