The Spanish conquistadors were explorers and soldiers from Spain who played a significant role in the colonization of the Americas during the 15th and 16th centuries. They sought wealth, land, and glory, often motivated by the promise of gold and the spread of Christianity. Notable figures among them include Hernán Cortés, who conquered the Aztec Empire, and Francisco Pizarro, who defeated the Inca Empire. These conquistadors used advanced weaponry and tactics, along with alliances with local tribes, to achieve their goals. Their expeditions led to the establishment of Spanish colonies and significant cultural exchanges, but also resulted in the decline of indigenous populations due to disease and conflict.