"계몽군주" (Enlightened Despotism) refers to a form of absolute monarchy where rulers implement reforms based on Enlightenment principles. These monarchs aimed to modernize their states by promoting education, legal reforms, and economic development while maintaining their power. Notable examples of 계몽군주 include 프리드리히 대제 (Frederick the Great) of 프로이센 and 요셉 2세 (Joseph II) of 오스트리아. They sought to improve the lives of their subjects through rational governance, yet their authority remained unchallenged, illustrating the tension between enlightenment ideals and absolute rule.