闪锌矿, also known as sphalerite, is a mineral primarily composed of zinc sulfide. It is the main ore for extracting zinc, an essential metal used in various applications, including galvanizing steel and producing alloys. The mineral typically appears in a range of colors, including brown, yellow, and black, and has a glassy luster. This mineral is often found in sedimentary rocks and hydrothermal veins. Its formation occurs in high-temperature environments, where it can crystallize alongside other minerals. The presence of sphalerite can indicate the potential for zinc deposits, making it significant in mining and geology.