自然主義 (Naturalism) is a philosophical and artistic movement that emphasizes the idea that everything arises from natural properties and causes. It suggests that human behavior and experiences can be understood through the lens of science and nature, rejecting supernatural explanations. This approach is often reflected in literature and art, where the focus is on depicting life as it is, without idealization. In literature, 自然主義 is characterized by detailed realism and a focus on everyday life, often exploring the influence of environment and heredity on individuals. Notable figures associated with this movement include writers like Émile Zola and Henrik Ibsen, who sought to portray the complexities of human existence in a truthful manner.