新文化运动, or the New Culture Movement, was a cultural and intellectual movement in China that began in the early 20th century, around 1915. It aimed to promote modern ideas and values, challenging traditional Confucian beliefs. Key figures included 陈独秀 and 鲁迅, who advocated for democracy, science, and the use of the vernacular language in literature. The movement also emphasized the importance of education and critical thinking, seeking to reform Chinese society. It laid the groundwork for later political movements, including the 五四运动 (May Fourth Movement) in 1919, which further pushed for social and political change in China.